Investigation of Effects On The Pumps When Using Together Gravity Mains And Force Mains In Drinking Water Transmission

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Detecting and locating leaks in Underground Water Mains Using Thermography

Water systems all over the world experience water losses. Leakage is the most common reason of water loss. Problems associated with water main leaks are a growing concern around the globe. These problems include water and energy loss, in addition to considerable properties damage. In current practice, not all water leaks can be detected due to intensive time and expensive cost associated with t...

Risk Assessment for Water Mains Using Fuzzy Approach

The concept of responding to the risk of water pipelines failure has been undergoing through a great change from being active to being proactive to failure events by planning for rehabilitation plans that maintain the water main in good working conditions. This paper designs a framework to evaluate the risk of water main failure using hierarchal fuzzy expert system. There are sixteen risk-of-fa...

Comprehensive review of structural deterioration of water mains: statistical models

This paper provides a comprehensive (although not exhaustive) overview of a large body of work carried out in the last twenty years to quantify the structural deterioration of water mains by analysing historical performance data. The physical mechanisms that lead to pipe failure often require data that are not readily available and are costly to obtain. Thus, physical models may currently be ju...

the effects of changing roughness on the flow structure in the bends

flow in natural river bends is a complex and turbulent phenomenon which affects the scour and sedimentations and causes an irregular bed topography on the bed. for the reason, the flow hydralics and the parameters which affect the flow to be studied and understand. in this study the effect of bed and wall roughness using the software fluent discussed in a sharp 90-degree flume bend with 40.3cm ...